A quick tutorial for creating a flame effect in Photoshop ver 8.0 CS.
I have seen many tutorials that use the transform > warp effect to create
a flame from a pattern. Unfortunately the warp effect is not available in
Photoshop ver 8.0 CS. Follow this set of actions to end up with a realistic
'guttering' candle flame without requiring the warp effect:
1. .Select the custom shape tool and make a spikey flower shape, 200 x 200,
fill it with red, as below.

2. Using the layer blend, give it an
outer glow spread of 25px and an
inner glow of bright yellow, size 50px, so there is just a hint of red left.
Select a gaussian contour, range 50%, as below.

3. Use
Filter > Distort > Ripple 600%, as below.

4. Extend the canvas to 500px in height from the bottom to allow all the flame to be visible,
as below.

5. Apply Filter > Stylize > Wind 700% - storm, as below.

6. Then
rotate CCW 90 degrees so the spread is vertical, as below.

7. Then
stretch the flame by dragging the image upwards, as below.

8. Use the Edit > Transform > Distort to stretch the flame vertically and pulling the
bottom in making a rough triangle shape with the point at the bottom, as
below.

9. Apply a Filter > Blur > Gaussian blur, as below.

10. Select an area just above the candle wick point apply filter - render - lensflare 105mm prime 60%.
It is not really visible on the image below but it is there.

11.
Crop around the flame ensuring you do not cut off any of the guttering
flame.

12.
shrink and size to fit the candle image of your choice, as below.

13. The 'guttering' candle as shown to better effect on a dark
background.

That's it, I hope you found this useful.